AP Chemistry Question of the Day --63

Welcome back to my blog. Following is Question 62 I posted earlier.

 

 62. Which solid reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid at 25 °C to produce a gas that is more dense than air?

The correct answer is D. This a tough question to most students because I found a lot of students studying AP know little about predicting product of reactions. 

First of all , we need to figure out which one of them will react with dilute hydrochloric acid and generate a gas. Zn is an active metal and will react with dilute acid and produce hydrogen gas. For B, C, and D, they will undergo double replacement reactions with dilute HCl and produce a salt and another acid. Both HNO3 and HBr are strong acid and stay in aqueous solution. But H2CO3 is a weak acid and it decomposes to CO2 and water. 

Now we need to figure out which one of them H2 or CO2, is denser than air?

According to Avogadro's Law, at the same temperature and pressure, any gas has a same volume. While density is defined as mass per volume, the higher the molecular weight, the denser it is, since their molar volume is the same. Air has an average molecular weight of 29, H2 is 2 and CO2 is 44. Thus CO2 is denser than air, D is the correct answer.

Following is question 63 of the series:

63.  A 20.00 mL sample of a Ba(OH)2  solution is titrated with 0.245 M HCl. If 27.15 mL of HCl is required, what is the molarity of the Ba(OH)2  solution?
(A)  0.166 M
(B)  0.180 M

(C)  0.333 M
(D)  0.666 M

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AP Chemistry Question of the Day --60

Welcome back to my blog. Here is question 59 I posted last week.

59.  Which of the following best helps to account for the fact that the F^- ion is smaller than the O^2- ion?                                                     

(a) F^- has a larger nuclear mass than O^2-    

(b) F^- has a larger nuclear charge than O^2-   

(c) F^- is more electronegative than O^2-        

(d) F^- is more polarizable than O^2-.

The correct answer is b.  Both fluoride and oxygen ions have 10 electrons. They are isoelectronic to each other. The size of the ions is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus. Since fluoride has 9 and oxygen has 8 protons. The electrons in fluoride ion experience more attraction from the nucleus and makes the ions smaller.

Statement A and C are both correct but they are not the right explanation.

Here is question 60 of the series:

60. Glycerol has lower vapour pressure than does ethanol at room temperature. Which of glycerol and ethanol has the lower boiling point?

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AP Chemistry Question of the Day --53

Welcome back to my blog. Here is question 52 I posted yesterday.

52. An 11.1L sample of 0.25mol oxygen gas is converted to ozone. If all the oxygen is converted to ozone, what will the volume of ozone be?

This is a typical stoichiometry question. To solve the question, we have to correctly write the chemical equation and properly balance it.  Ozone and oxygen are allotropes (do you still remember what is allotropes? Allotropes are different forms that an element can exist in) of oxygen and their formula are O3 and O2 respectively.

The balanced chemical reaction should be:

According to the chemical equation, 3mol of oxygen gas will produce 2mol of ozone gas. as a result, 0.25mol of oxygen should produce:

What is the volume of the ozone gas then? Recall Avogadro's law which states that  at constant temperature and pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the mole number. Since 0.25mol oxygen occupies 11.1L. apparently it is not STP. Or else, it should be approximately 0.5mol roughly 11.2L.  We know for ideal gas, the identity of the gas does not matter. As long as they have the same mole numbers, at the same T and P, the volume would be same. As a result, the volume of the ozone would be:

Pay attention that I kept 2 sig figures for my answer because the mole number of ozone has 2 sig fig.

In stoichiometric calculations, dimensional analysis is key. Make sure you align your expressions properly so that the unit can cancel out and only left with what you are asked for.

Here is Question 53 of the series:

53.  A solution appears yellow.  It must be absorbing in the  

    (a) yellow only    (b) red only    (c) green only    (d) blue only   (e) purple only. 

 I will post the answer in my next blog.

Thank you very much for reading my post, I am available to discuss any topics in chemistry. Please give me a call at 604-808-6827 or email me at vancouverchemistrytutor@gmail.com. My website is located at www.vancouverchemistrytutor.com.

Regards!

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